Distribution of observed and modeled Ar⁺densities and model-to-observation density ratio, excluding data points where the observed Ar⁺ density is less than 1 cm⁻³. The upper, middle, and lower panels represent the observations, model results, and model-to-observation density ratio, respectively. The color in the left panels (a, b, and c) indicates the number of data points in each bin, while the color in the middle panels (d, e, and f) represents the values of Ar⁺density or model-to-observation density ratio. The green and magenta dashed lines denote the optical and EUV terminators, assuming altitudes at the Martian surface and 122.5 km, respectively, on the dayside.