Cosmic-ray ionisation rate in low-mass cores: The role of the environment

Open Access

Fig. 8

Estimation of ionisation fraction x(e⁻) using Eq. (2), as a function of the cores’ central total column densities, in the targets with detected oH₂D⁺ emission. We neglected the contribution of N₂H⁺ and N₂D⁺. As in Fig. 7, the data points are colour-coded according to the parental cloud.

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