Rotational modulation and long-term evolution of the small-scale magnetic fields of M dwarfs observed with SPIRou

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Volume 702 (October 2025)

A&A, 702 (2025) A111

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Table A.4

Same as Table A.1 but for Barnard's star (Gl 699).

Barnard's star	Value	Prior
GP fit on 〈B〉
μ (kG)	${0.46}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.05}$ $0.46^{+0.05}_{-0.05}$	𝒰(−10, 10)
σ (kG)	${0.00}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $0.00^{+0.00}_{-0.00}$	𝒰(0, 1000)
α (kG)	${0.10}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.05}$ $0.10^{+0.05}_{-0.03}$	𝒰(0, 10)
l (d)	$222_{- 50}^{+ 58}$ $222^{+58}_{-50}$	𝒰(50, 500)
β	${1.10}_{- 0.44}^{+ 0.76}$ $1.10^{+0.76}_{-0.44}$	𝒰(0, 20)
P_rot (d)	$144_{- 6}^{+ 6}$ $144^{+6}_{-6}$	𝒰(50, 200)
χ²_r	0.91
RMS	0.08 (kG)
GP fit on B_ℓ
μ_ℓ (G)	${1.54}_{- 1.17}^{+ 1.18}$ $1.54^{+1.18}_{-1.17}$	𝒰(−500, 500)
σ_ℓ (G)	${2.13}_{- 0.48}^{+ 0.42}$ $2.13^{+0.42}_{-0.48}$	𝒰(0, 1000)
α_ℓ (G)	${5.40}_{- 0.63}^{+ 0.69}$ $5.40^{+0.69}_{-0.63}$	𝒰(0, 1000)
l_ℓ (d)	100	Fixed
β_ℓ	0.40	Fixed
P_rot,ℓ (d)	${159.226}_{- 19.423}^{+ 15.785}$ $159.226^{+15.785}_{-19.423}$	𝒰(50, 200)
χ²_{r, ℓ}	1.09
RMS_ℓ	5.00 (G)
GP fit on 〈B〉 and B_ℓ
μ (kG)	${0.47}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.47^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$	𝒰(−10, 10)
σ (kG)	${0.00}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $0.00^{+0.00}_{-0.00}$	𝒰(0, 1000)
α (kG)	${0.09}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.09^{+0.02}_{-0.01}$	𝒰(0, 10)
l (d)	$181_{- 35}^{+ 32}$ $181^{+32}_{-35}$	𝒰(10, 800)
β	${0.66}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.17}$ $0.66^{+0.17}_{-0.12}$	𝒰(0, 20)
P_rot (d)	$139_{- 4}^{+ 5}$ $139^{+5}_{-4}$	𝒰(50, 200)
μ_ℓ (G)	${1.62}_{- 1.18}^{+ 1.22}$ $1.62^{+1.22}_{-1.18}$	𝒰(−1000, 1000)
σ_ℓ (G)	${1.96}_{- 0.57}^{+ 0.48}$ $1.96^{+0.48}_{-0.57}$	𝒰(0, 1000)
α_ℓ (G)	${5.24}_{- 0.59}^{+ 0.68}$ $5.24^{+0.68}_{-0.59}$	𝒰(0, 1000)
l_ℓ (d)	100	Fixed
β_ℓ	0.40	Fixed
χ²_r	0.81
χ²_{r, ℓ}	1.08
RMS	0.08 (kG)
RMS_ℓ	4.98 (G)
GP fit on dTemp
μ_dTemp (K)	$- {0.29}_{- 0.26}^{+ 0.26}$ $-0.29^{+0.26}_{-0.26}$	𝒰(−50, 50)
σ_dTemp (K)	${0.17}_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.05}$ $0.17^{+0.05}_{-0.07}$	𝒰(0, 1000)
α_dTemp (K)	${1.06}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.15}$ $1.06^{+0.15}_{-0.12}$	𝒰(0, 100)
l_dTemp (d)	$116_{- 24}^{+ 22}$ $116^{+22}_{-24}$	𝒰(50, 500)
β_dTemp	${0.49}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.12}$ $0.49^{+0.12}_{-0.09}$	𝒰(0, 5)
P_{rot, dTemp} (d)	${141.058}_{- 11.625}^{+ 6.603}$ $141.058^{+6.603}_{-11.625}$	𝒰(50, 200)
χ²_{r, dTemp}	0.99
RMS_dTemp	0.47 (K)

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