Fig. 8.
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Δ[C/N], i.e., change in the surface carbon-to-nitrogen abundance ratio since birth vs. the seismic log(g) and residuals as a function of log(g), mass, and metallicity for stars with metallicities of −0.1 < [Fe/H]< 0.1 and masses of 1.2M⊙ < M < 1.4 M⊙ found in the present work (marked with opaque dots) along with stars found in the APOKASC-3 catalog (marked with semitransparent circles) (Pinsonneault et al. 2025). The stars flagged as being part of the RC in APOKASC-3 were removed from this figure. Evolutionary tracks from Cao & Pinsonneault (2025) with solar metallicity are overlaid on top of the data. The error bars on mass and metallicity have been shrunk by factors of 20 and 10, respectively, in order to improve readability of the graph. Stars evolve from left to right in the left panels of the plot. We note that the end of the dredge-up is expected to be between log g = 2.9 and log g = 3.1 (see Fig. 4 of Cao & Pinsonneault 2025); hence, all our stars are undergoing the FDU.
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