Fig. 1.
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Typical reduced electron velocity distribution functions (eVDFs) measured by the Wind Solar Wind Experiment (Wind/SWE-VEIS) at 1 AU in the slow solar wind. The top and bottom panels represent the eVDF in the parallel (∥) and perpendicular (⊥) directions relative to the magnetic field (B), respectively. The red stars indicate the eVDF data, while the solid black line represents the fitted distribution, which is a superposition of a bi-Maxwellian distribution and a skew-Kappa function used to initialize the eVDF fit. Each panel includes key fit parameters and the chi-square (χ2) value obtained from the fit.
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