Scaling relation between M_• − M_* for galaxies at z = 0, z = 1, z = 2, and z = 3, shown from left to right, colour-coded by log SFR. The median M_• value in each M_* bin is shown as black dots. The black lines represent the best-fit relation to these median values and are used as the median M_• − M_* scaling relation when calculating residuals. The best-fit parameters are presented in the legend at the bottom. Galaxies with lower SFR at a given M_* tend to host more massive BHs.