NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant

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Volume 702 (October 2025)

A&A, 702 (2025) A138

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Table 5

Fitted and derived parameters for TOI-756 b and TOI-756 c.

Parameter	TOI-756 b	TOI-756 c
Orbital period, P_orb (days)	1.2392495 ± 0.0000007	149.40 ± 0.16
Time of conjunction, T₀ (RJD)	${58570.65234}_{- 0.00037}^{+ 0.00035}$ $\[58570.65234_{-0.00037}^{+0.00035}\]$	${60498.882}_{- 0.52}^{+ 0.57}$ $\[60498.882_{-0.52}^{+0.57}\]$
Planet radius, R_p (R_⊕)	2.81 ± 0.10	−
Planet mass, M_p (M_⊕)	${9.83}_{- 1.6}^{+ 1.8}$ $\[9.83_{-1.6}^{+1.8}\]$	−
Planet min. mass, M_p sin(i) (M_Jup)	−	4.05 ± 0.11
Planet density, ρ_p (g cm⁻³)	${2.42}_{- 0.45}^{+ 0.53}$ $\[2.42_{-0.45}^{+0.53}\]$	−
RV semi-amplitude, (m s⁻¹)	${9.2}_{- 1.5}^{+ 1.7}$ $\[9.2_{-1.5}^{+1.7}\]$	273.3 ± 2.6
Orbital inclination, i (°)	${85.53}_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.19}$ $\[85.53_{-0.18}^{+0.19}\]$	−
Scaled planetary radius, R_P/R_*	${0.05113}_{- 0.0009}^{+ 0.0008}$ $\[0.05113_{-0.0009}^{+0.0008}\]$	−
Impact parameter, b	${0.589}_{- 0.021}^{+ 0.018}$ $\[0.589_{-0.021}^{+0.018}\]$	−
Semi-major axis, a (au)	0.0180 ± 0.0002	0.439 ± 0.005
Eccentricity	0 (< 0.51, 3σ)	0.445 ± 0.008
Argument of periastron, ω (deg)	90 (fixed)	$- {167.77}_{- 0.93}^{+ 0.99}$ $\[-167.77_{-0.93}^{+0.99}\]$
Insolation^(a), S_p (S_⊕)	127 ± 13	0.24 ± 0.02
Equilibrium temperature^(a), T_eq (K)	$934_{- 24}^{+ 23}$ $\[934_{-24}^{+23}\]$	194 ± 5
TSM ^(b)	$63_{- 10}^{+ 13}$ $\[63_{-10}^{+13}\]$	−
Transit duration, T₁₄ (h)	1.10 ± 0.01	−

Notes. ^(a)Insolation and equilibrium temperature are calculated as in Parc et al. (2024), assuming global circulation and a Bond albedo of A_B = 0. ^(b)Transmission spectroscopy metric (TSM) calculated following Kempton et al. (2018).

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