MINDS: A transition from H2O to C2H2 dominated disk spectra with decreasing stellar luminosity

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Volume 702 (October 2025)

A&A, 702 (2025) A126

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Table 1

Stellar properties and line fluxes.

Target	M_*	SpT	L_*	F_9.8	lo𝑔₁₀(Ṁ)	M_dust	$F_{C_{2} H_{2}}$ ${F_{{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{H}}_2}}}$	$F_{H_{2} O}$ ${F_{{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}}}$
	[M_⊙]		[L_⊙]		[M_⊙/yr]	[M_⊕]	[×10⁻¹⁴ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻²]	[×10⁻¹⁴ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻²]
J04390163+2336029	0.08	M6 ^a	0.1	1.43	−9.71	3.0	0.38 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01
J11071668−7735532	0.05	M7.74 ^a	0.02 ^b	1.69	−11.69 ^c		1.19 ± 0.04	<0.11
J11071860−7732516	0.08	M5.5	0.04	1.0	−10.4	0.38	0.49 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01
J11074245−7733593	0.12	M5.5	0.06	1.18	−9.62	0.89	1.32 ± 0.02	<0.06 ^*
J11082650−7715550	0.07	M5.5	0.02	1.0	−10.67	0.19	0.71 ± 0.02	<0.05 ^*
J11085090−7625135	0.08	M5.5	0.04	1.13	−10.27	0.18	0.5 ± 0.02	<0.05 ^*
J12073346−3932539	0.02 ^d	M9 ^a	0.01 ^d	1.0	−11.23 ^d	0.1 ^a	0.14 ± 0.0	<0.01
J15582981−2310077	0.16	M4.5	0.04	1.33	−9.05	1.19	2.17 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01
J16053215−1933159	0.16	M4.5 ^a	0.03 ^e	1.0	−9.4 ^f	0.14	4.5 ± 0.02	<0.05 ^*
AA Tau	0.68	M0.6	0.75	1.48	−7.64	36.0	2.21 ± 0.15	5.59 ± 0.17
BP Tau	0.49	M0.5	0.98	2.1	−7.29	25.01	<0.33	3.32 ± 0.12
CX Tau	0.33	M2.5	0.34 ^𝑔	1.52	−9.59 ^h	4.21	0.39 ± 0.03	0.24 ± 0.03
CY Tau	0.42	M2.3	0.36	1.08	−8.2	35.81	1.67 ± 0.04	0.55 ± 0.04
DF Tau	0.39	M2.7	0.59 ⁱ	1.21	−7.77 ^t	1.8	22.24 ± 1.42	13.33 ± 1.47
DL Tau	1.07	K5.5	1.49	1.13	−7.19	123.4	14.28 ± 0.13	2.58 ± 0.14
DM Tau	0.29	M3	0.24	1.41	−7.99	52.42	<0.06 ^*	<0.06 ^*
DN Tau	0.53	M0.3	0.7	1.26	−8.18	41.41	<0.23 ^*	0.36 ± 0.08
DR Tau	0.83	K6	1.9	1.38	−6.71	70.44	14.21 ± 1.11	29.15 ± 1.24
FT Tau	0.3	M2.8	0.45	1.63	−8.92 ^j	42.99	1.24 ± 0.12	2.11 ± 0.12
GW Lup	0.46	M1.5	0.33	1.6	−9.03	50.06	1.36 ± 0.07	0.72 ± 0.07
IM Lup	1.09	K5	2.51	1.29	−7.85	137.22	3.04 ± 0.14	3.01 ± 0.15
LkCa15	0.7	K5.5	1.1	3.02	−7.94	88.67	<0.09 ^*	0.25 ± 0.03
PDS 70	0.76	K7 ^k	0.38	3.82	−10.26 ^l	21.83 ^m	<0.04 ^*	0.12 ± 0.01
RNO 90	1.5	G8 ⁿ	2.69	1.47	−7.26 ⁿ		10.19 ± 0.39	18.64 ± 0.46
RW Aur	1.5	K0	2.51	1.25	−7.07	19.72	15.41 ± 0.69	24.19 ± 0.82
SY Cha	1.12	K7	0.55	1.82	−9.18	1.33	0.66 ± 0.1	1.38 ± 0.1
Sz 50	0.25	M4	0.69	1.26	−8.79	11.96	0.57 ± 0.08	0.59 ± 0.09
Sz 98	0.55	K7	1.53	1.91	−7.44	75.85	<0.63 ^*	4.33 ± 0.22
TW Hya	0.61	M0.5 ^o	0.23 ^o	1.96	−8.52 ^p	70.12 ^q	<0.11	0.27 ± 0.04
V1094 Sco	0.64	K6	1.21	1.14	−7.88	135.05	1.79 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.01
VW Cha	0.7	K7	2.31	1.53	−7.38	16.59	<1.73 ^*	32.57 ± 0.71
WA Oph 6	0.63	K7 ^o	0.76 ^o	1.22	−7.34 ^o	46.6 ^r	2.47 ± 0.16	1.81 ± 0.16
WX Cha	0.49	M0.5	0.86	1.78	−6.73	7.78	4.2 ± 0.32	6.91 ± 0.35
XX Cha	0.25	M3.5	0.41	1.4	−7.17	8.03	4.56 ± 0.17	2.44 ± 0.18

Notes. Upper limits are given as 3σ. Fluxes marked with an asterisk indicate that the nondetection came from an inspection by eye of line-rich or noisy spectra. The target names for the first nine targets are the 2MASS names. The values for M_* SpT, L_* lo𝑔₁₀(Ṁ), and M_dust were compiled from Manara et al. (2023) unless otherwise noted. ^a Arabhavi et al. (2025a), ^b Luhman (2007), ^c Manara et al. (2016), ^d Manjavacas et al. (2024), ^e Testi et al. (2022), ^f Franceschi et al. (2024), ^𝑔 Herczeg & Hillenbrand (2014), ^h Vlasblom et al. (2025), ⁱ Grant et al. (2024), ^j Gangi et al. (2022), ^k Pecaut & Mamajek (2016), ^l Haffert et al. (2019), ^m calculated using the 1.33 mm flux from Facchini et al. (2021) assuming T_dust=20 K and κ_ν=2.254 cm⁻² g⁻¹, ⁿ Fang et al. (2023), ^o Pascucci et al. (2020), ^p Wendeborn et al. (2024), ^q Das et al. (2024), ^r Brown-Sevilla et al. (2021).

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