Table 1.
Light element abundances from standard and SIV-guided BBN under various scaling assumptions.
| Element | Obs. | PRIMAT | SIV0 | ℏ | rad | mat | fit0 | SIV1 | fit1 | λ = 1 | fit2 | SIV−1 | fit−1 | fit* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ωb [%] | 4.9 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 20. | 12. | 38. | 38. | 18. | 3.0 | 7.5 | 10. |
| λ | – | – | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 0.66 | 0.89 | 0.77 | 1 | 1 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 1.2 |
| nT | – | – |
![]() |
–1 |
![]() |
1 | –0.29 |
![]() |
–0.55 | 0 | 0 |
![]() |
0.02 | 0.9 |
| nm | – | – | 0 | –1 |
![]() |
1 | –0.29 | 1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | –1 | –1 | –1 |
| Ť | – | – | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.995 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 0.92 | 1.02 | 1.17 |
| mŤ | – | – | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.28 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.43 | 0.98 |
| Q/Ť | – | – | 1.03 | 1. | 1. | 1. | 1. | 0.85 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.7 | 0.92 | 0.42 | 0.72 |
| η10 | 6.09 | 6.14 | 4.47 | 5.69 | 5.24 | 5.97 | 25.1 | 14.8 | 48.3 | 47.6 | 22.7 | 3.8 | 9.45 | 12.5 |
| H | 0.755 | 0.753 | 0.755 | 0.755 | 0.755 | 0.755 | 0.755 | 0.756 | 0.755 | 0.741 | 0.756 | 0.767 | 0.732 | 0.755 |
| YP = 4YHe | 0.245 | 0.247 | 0.245 | 0.245 | 0.245 | 0.245 | 0.245 | 0.244 | 0.245 | 0.259 | 0.244 | 0.235 | 0.268 | 0.245 |
| D/H × 105 | 2.53 | 2.43 | 2.53 | 2.53 | 2.53 | 2.53 | 2.53 | 2.53 | 2.52 | 0.748 | 2.53 | 2.60 | 2.52 | 2.53 |
| 3He/H × 105 | 1.1 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.15 | 1.23 | 1.50 | 1.03 | 1.51 | 1.06 | 1.84 | 1.5 |
| 7Li/H × 1010 | 1.58 | 5.56 | 5.85 | 5.34 | 5.43 | 5.29 | 3.97 | 3.31 | 1.79 | 5.4 | 1.77 | 4.81 | 0.83 | 1.8 |
| χ | – | 6.84 | 7.12 | 6.27 | 6.42 | 6.19 | 3.99 | 2.91 | 1.07 | 30.4 | 1.07 | 5.73 | 3.63 | 1.06 |
Notes. Abundances of light elements in standard and SIV-guided BBN. Observational uncertainties are 1.6% for YP, 1.2% for D/H, 18% for He/H, and 19% for Li/H. The first four columns list the results from the initial SIV study (2023) and the 2025 update. The next four columns give the best-fit values of Ωb and λ, enforcing local thermodynamic equilibrium with nT = nm, for specific cases discussed in the text. The following two columns show the results for the SIV-motivated choice nT = −1/2, nm = 1, and for the corresponding fit over nT with the constraint nm = 3 + 4nT. The λ = 1 case (analogous to Tsallis non-extensive statistics) illustrates the failure of standard time determination with λ = 1, while keeping the nuclear-reaction scaling factors Ť, mŤ, and Q/Ť from the fit1 case. The next column presents the best fit over Ωb, temperature, and mass scales encoded in Ť, mŤ, and Q/Ť, with λ = 1 and standard time determination. The last three columns explore the scenario with unaltered ℏ by fixing nm = −1, while allowing nT to vary away from −1/2, so that the scaling of Gρ comes only from G. The final column corresponds to nρ = −2.75 for Gρ scaling via λ1 − nm + nρ, unlike the previous cases where it was set to zero because ρ-scaling was induced by temperature rescaling.
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