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Table A.1

Summary of relative angular measurements of Neptune against nearby stars corrected by Gaia catalogs.

Ref. Gaia Source ID Date PA Sep. Star RA σα*$\sigma _{{\alpha _ \star }}^*$ Star Dec. σδ${\sigma _{{\delta _ \star }}}$ Rej.
[UTC] (θ) [º] (ρ)[″] (α) [º] [ mas] (δ) [º] [mas]
Barnard (1906) DR3 3376830900184589312 1904-02-16 05:48:07 59.85 95.06700337 2.4 22.30908127 3.1 No
1904-02-16 05:51:44 30.78 95.06700337 2.4 22.30908127 3.1 No
1904-02-16 05:55:11 29.99 95.06700337 2.4 22.30908127 3.1 No
1904-02-17 05:50:21 81.76 95.06700337 2.4 22.30908127 3.1 No
1904-02-17 05:54:47 79.07 95.06700337 2.4 22.30908127 3.1 No
1904-02-17 05:58:09 78.96 95.06700337 2.4 22.30908127 3.1 No

3379173414006162176 1904-12-06 05:37:55 282.84 99.37215445 4.4 22.14920636 5.3 No
1904-12-06 05:43:43 175.96 99.37215445 4.4 22.14920636 5.3 No
1904-12-06 05:47:18 175.42 99.37215445 4.4 22.14920636 5.3 No

Barnard (1907) DR3 3378595105247894528 1907-02-11 07:05:42 349.94 102.46333962 2.2 22.07660363 2.6 No
1907-02-11 07:10:05 58.48 102.46333962 2.2 22.07660363 2.6 No
1907-02-11 07:12:53 58.49 102.46333962 2.2 22.07660363 2.6 No
1907-02-13 06:46:58 71.22 102.46333943 2.2 22.07660357 2.6 No
1907-02-13 06:51:32 133.67 102.46333943 2.2 22.07660357 2.6 No
1907-02-13 06:54:54 134.51 102.46333943 2.2 22.07660357 2.6 No

Barnard (1909) DR3 3367926921881503488 1908-03-30 02:09:42 307.91 104.42607400 3.8 21.99028624 4.1 No
1908-03-30 02:09:42 62.38 104.42607400 3.8 21.99028624 4.1 No
1908-03-30 02:09:42 62.70 104.42607400 3.8 21.99028624 4.1 No

Barnard (1912) DR3 673117105811025024 1910-10-31 09:51:13 311.96 114.51440844 1.7 20.88495345 2.1 No
1910-10-31 09:57:01 8.51 114.51440844 1.7 20.88495345 2.1 No
1910-10-31 10:00:57 8.42 114.51440844 1.7 20.88495345 2.1 No

864959237493629696 1911-01-11 04:38:36 87.47 113.09517983 3.2 21.10473568 3.3 No
1911-01-11 04:42:04 151.67 113.09517983 3.2 21.10473568 3.3 No
1911-01-11 04:45:41 151.43 113.09517983 3.2 21.10473568 3.3 No

673131743059399168 1912-02-20 05:34:29 45.59 114.41414289 1.6 21.01593133 2.1 No
1912-02-20 05:36:47 179.25 114.41414289 1.6 21.01593133 2.1 No

Barnard (1916) DR3 663304651728603136 1915-10-22 10:02:39 319.49 126.02260358 2.6 19.01526555 3.7 No
1915-10-22 10:09:28 26.66 126.02260358 2.6 19.01526555 3.7 No

669552317315147904 1916-03-09 03:24:20 81.91 123.48381213 3.6 19.58886808 4.8 No
1916-03-09 03:36:34 13.80 123.48381213 3.6 19.58886808 4.8 No

Barnard (1919) DR3 662625256621828608 1918-03-17 04:50:44 31.66 128.00619071 1.6 18.71566323 2.1 No
1918-03-17 04:55:14 19.12 128.00619071 1.6 18.71566323 2.1 No

659414854466737280 1919-03-23 02:46:12 327.07 130.21402916 1.4 18.25035184 1.8 No
1919-03-23 02:50:52 51.88 130.21402916 1.4 18.25035184 1.8 No

Barnard (1927) DR3 610959239591366528 1920-12-24 07:03:26 229.16 136.94095403 2.5 16.52916090 2.8 No
1920-12-24 07:09:12 30.78 136.94095403 2.5 16.52916090 2.8 No

611573419914461824 1921-03-30 02:55:32 217.46 134.67521042 1.4 17.19398702 1.7 No
1921-03-30 03:01:45 25.96 134.67521042 1.4 17.19398702 1.7 No

631652525166042624 1922-01-01 07:44:27 312.23 139.01999836 5.1 16.00753139 5.3 No
1922-01-01 07:52:52 112.37 139.01999836 5.1 16.00753139 5.3 No

DR2 607697985023089408 1922-01-18 06:58:12 304.37 138.60845047 123.6 16.13116169 92.5 No
1922-01-18 07:05:20 107.43 138.60845047 123.6 16.13116169 92.5 No
1922-01-20 05:49:31 87.26 138.60845046 123.6 16.13116166 92.5 No
1922-01-20 05:59:24 90.85 138.60845046 123.6 16.13116166 92.5 No
1922-01-22 05:26:44 101.25 138.60845044 123.6 16.13116162 92.5 No
1922-01-22 05:38:13 286.05 138.60845044 123.6 16.13116162 92.5 Yes

DR3 607950902761885184 1922-02-15 02:56:50 306.48 137.84087092 1.4 16.36782187 1.7 No
1922-02-15 03:04:22 115.12 137.84087092 1.4 16.36782187 1.7 No

610963603277572864 1922-05-10 02:39:50 140.11 136.87710926 2.0 16.61036669 2.4 Yes
1922-05-10 02:47:34 248.06 136.87710926 2.0 16.61036669 2.4 No

Notes. PA is the position angle of the apparent position of the star relative to Neptune; Sep. is the angular separation between the apparent positions of the star and Neptune; Star RA and Dec. are the ICRF-referenced right ascension (α) and declination (δ) of the star, respectively; σα*$\sigma _{{\alpha _ \star }}^*$ and σδ${\sigma _{{\delta _ \star }}}$ are the catalog-derived formal uncertainties in α (multiplied by cos δ) and δ, respectively; and Rej. is rejection flag in orbit-fit solution.

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