Open Access

Table 1

M3DIS RHD code features.

Feature Description
Code name M3DISModels in 3D @DISPATCH (Eitner et al. 2024; Nordlund et al. 2018)
Dimensionality Full 3D
Physics included Radiation and convection
Applications FGKM stars; any log g; any metallicity
Opacity sources 92 elements; electron and Rayleigh scattering; molecules
Boundary conditions Top: open, in-/outflows, exponential ρ drop, constant e/m; Bottom: open, outflows free, inflows maintain entropy (via ghost zones)
Time integration Explicit; local time step based on the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition from gas velocity, radiative heating and radiative diffusion
Grid type Eulerian; uniform in all directions
Hydrodynamics solver HLLC Riemann solver (Fromang et al. 2006)
Radiative transfer Short-characteristics; conservative on staggered mesh; 8 frequency bins; 4 ϕ, 2 μ angles, plus disk-centre rays

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