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Table A.1

Coefficients for sidereal differential rotation rates in units of [deg day−1] obtained by different methods, including the calculated coefficients for Lößnitz 1 and Lößnitz 2 with uncertainties, in comparison to other works.

Method A B C
Lößnitz three-parameter α sunspots 14.336 ± 0.003 −2.561 ± 0.060 −2.04 ± 0.22
Lößnitz two-parameter α sunspots 14.355 ± 0.002 −3.078 ± 0.022
Howard et al. (1984) all spots 14.522 ± 0.004 −2.840 ± 0.043
Balthasar et al. (1986) all spots 14.551 ± 0.006 −2.87 ± 0.06
Balthasar et al. (1986) Zürich H- & J-spots 14.33 ± 0.02 −2.86 ± 0.08
Tlatov & Tlatova (2024) all spots 14.56 −3.094 0.04
Newton & Nunn (1951) recurrent spots 14.368 ± 0.004 −2.69 ± 0.08
Snodgrass (1984) Doppler-shift 14.050 ± 0.016 −1.492 ± 0.005 −2.606 ± 0.019
Howard et al. (1983) Doppler-shift 14.193 −1.708 −2.361
Kutsenko & Abramenko (2022) ARs & continuum 14.69 ± 0.02 −1.17 ± 0.51 −4.79 ± 2.44
Kutsenko & Abramenko (2022) ARs & magnetograms 14.34 ± 0.01 −2.87 ± 0.24 0.18 ± 1.08
Snodgrass (1983) magnetograms 14.307 ± 0.005 −1.980 ± 0.064 −2.15 ± 0.11
Hathaway & Rightmire (2011) magnetograms 14.437 ± 0.001 −1.48 ± 0.01 −2.99 ± 0.01
Howe et al. (2000) helioseismology (0.98 R) 14.021 −1.735 −2.162
Schou et al. (2002) helioseismology (0.98 R) 14.296 ± 0.004 −1.018 ± 0.021 −3.58 ± 0.02
Rao et al. (2024) chromosphere (Hα ± 0.5 Å) 14.690 ± 0.114 −0.698 ± 0.391 −2.88 ± 0.47

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