Fig. 4.
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Stellar tracks for a 25 M⊙ star. The upper panel shows a rotating star with Ω/Ωc = 0.6 for three different metallicities Z = 0.002, 0.003, 0.004. The lower panel shows a star with metallicity Z = 0.003 for three different values of the initial rotation speed Ω/Ωc = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7. The linestyles and color code are the same as in Figure 1. The vertical dotted black line represents the temperature below which we expect the bi-stability jump. This Figure shows the non-monotonic dependence of mass-loss on metallicity and rotation. Low metallicity (Z = 0.002) favors the activation of optically thick winds through channel 1, because the star is more luminous and compact. Higher metallicity (Z = 0.004) can also activate optically thick winds through channel 2. Stars in the intermediate metallicity case (Z = 0.003), instead, fail to activate optically thick winds soon enough and end up as cool supergiant stars. The same trend happens for rotation.
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