Variation of the gravitational time step parameter η. In the upper panel, we show the mass enclosed within the inner 10 pc as a function of time. The lower panel gives the evolution of the total energy relative to the absolute initial value. The shown simulations are for the low resolution of N = 2 × 10⁶ and share the same parameters except η, which is varied as indicated in the legend. All parameters are given in Table A.1 under the names H, I, and J. The shaded regions in the top panel indicate the uncertainty estimated based on shot noise.