Features from different network stages and saliency analysis. (a–c) Comparisons of the feature spectra (red line) extracted from the input module, PRSE module, and GRU module with the input spectra (blue line) when estimating T_eff. (d) Model’s output response to the input spectra (blue line) when estimating T_eff and the red line is saliency curve. (e–g) Comparisons of the feature spectra (red line) extracted from the input module, PRSE module, and GRU module with the input spectra (blue line) when estimating log g. (h) Model’s output response to the input spectra (blue line) when estimating log g and the red line is saliency curve. The normalized flux refers to either min-max (top panels) or continuum normalization (bottom panels). In both cases, a subsequent Gaussian normalization is also applied. The observation ID of this spectrum is 254115228.