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Fig. 13.

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Positive versus negative flux. The top and bottom rows illustrate the radial mass flux (Fr, in units of ℳ/tdyn) from inflowing and outflowing regions, respectively, for streams (left panels), non-streams (middle panels), and the total cold gas (right panels), plotted as a function of radius, r, normalized by Rd. Solid lines represent the median values across the disk galaxy sample, and shaded regions correspond to the 16th–84th percentile ranges. Results from the metallicity- and streamline-based classifications are shown in blue and green, respectively. In the streamline-based selection, inflowing and outflowing fluxes from non-stream gas are nearly equal in magnitude, comparable also to the inflowing stream flux, and largely cancel each other out. This leads to a total non-stream flux that is close to zero at the median level, though it exhibits significant scatter. A similar cancellation is also observed in the metallicity-based selection, where inflowing and outflowing non-stream fluxes are also comparable but individually much smaller than the stream flux, except at small radii (r ≲ 0.5 Rd), where the stream flux diminishes. As a result, the total non-stream flux in the metallicity-based selection also approaches zero, but with minimal scatter.

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