Fig. 8.
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Streamline-based selection of streams. For the VELA 7 galaxy at a redshift z = 1.5, the figure displays path lines for a randomly selected subset of cold gas cells within the galactic disk traced backward over an average disk dynamical time scale, defined as ttrace = Rd/⟨Vrot⟩ and projected onto the x–y plane. These path lines are shown separately for streams (left panel) and non-streams (right panel). To enhance visual clarity, only a portion of the cold gas cells within the disk are included. The path lines are color coded by ±d, where d represents the distance a gas cell has traveled during ttrace, normalized by Rd. Positive values of d indicate inward motion (i.e., the 3D radius at t − ttrace is larger than at the present time), while negative values signify outward movement. Red dashed circles mark the radial boundary of the disk. A threshold value of dcut = +0.1Rd is used to distinguish inflowing streams from non-streaming gas. Most stream-classified cells (left panel) cluster into two spatially coherent inflowing structures, both showing large positive d values and entering the disk either from the top or bottom-right regions of the projection. In contrast, cells labeled as non-streams (right panel) either show minimal displacement over ttrace (d ≈ 0) or exhibit outward motion with significantly negative d values.
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