Distributions of the computed values of period spacing (orange) and of the observed values of period spacing (blue), for models that assume mode trapping. The lines represent the corresponding cumulative distributions. The simulated distributions were computed using a maximal overshoot scheme (upper left), a semi-convection scheme (upper right), and an overmixing scheme with α_ov = 0.2 (lower left) and α_ov = 0.5 (lower right). The represented bin uncertainties for the observations were computed following the procedure explained in Appendix A. Each bin value and associated uncertainties were normalized, i.e., divided by the total count and the bin width.