r₀ vs. r_mag plot for the LVA in ES 22.5. Colors denote different θ_s. Solid, dashed, and dotted curves indicate distinct solution branches of Eq. (6). The black dash–dotted lines mark the lower (stellar radius R_⋆) and upper (given by the maximum distance at which absorption can form) limits on r₀. The shaded areas indicate the excluded regions. The axes on the right show the corresponding magnetic lever arm λ and specific angular momentum ℓ, computed using v_z, r₀ and Eqs. (3) and (4).