Open Access

Table A.1.

Conjunctions of Nandou stars with moon or planet in the Jin shu for the Jin dynasty(a):

Record in Jin shu (Ho 1966) Nandou Ho True closest conjunction when visible(b)
Date of night Object Jin shu text Star ID Star Date LT Sep. Time Sep. Note
347 Feb 19[/20] Moon ‘trespasses against’ 5th τ λ Sgr Feb 20, 03:49 28’ same
347 Jun 9[/10] Moon ‘trespasses against’ 4th σ ϕ Sgr Jun 9, 22:44 33’ same (c)
347 Oct 25[/26] Venus ‘trespasses against’ 5th τ λ Sgr Oct 25, 20:10 22’ Oct 25, 19:00 23’ (d)
348 Sep 16[/17] Venus ‘trespasses against’ 2nd λ τ Sgr Sep 16, 15:49 30’ Sep 16, 19:30 82’ (e)
352 Apr 24[/25] Moon ‘trespasses against’ 2nd λ τ Sgr Apr 21, 00:47 occ. same
352 Oct 24[/25] Venus ‘trespasses against’ 4th σ ϕ Sgr Oct 24, 10:28 22’ Oct 24, 18:40 27’
353 Apr 11[/12] Moon ‘trespasses against’ 3rd μ σ Sgr Apr 10, 21:59 occ. Apr 10, 23:30 76’ (f)
360 Oct 8[/9] Venus ‘trespasses against’ 4th σ ϕ Sgr Oct 25, 04:52 26’ Oct 24, 18:42 33’ (g)
373 Apr 27[/28] Moon ‘concealed’(k) 5th τ λ Sgr Apr 26, 21:31 16’ Apr 26, 22:00 22’
376 May 21[/22] Mars ‘trespasses against’ 3rd μ σ Sgr May 22, 23:55 11’ same
376 May 31[/J1] Mars ‘concealed’(k) 4th σ ϕ Sgr Jun 1, 03:12 3’ same
403 Jul 17[/18] Moon ‘concealed’(k) 4th σ ϕ Sgr Jul 17, 20:40 occ. same
404 Jun 9[/10] Moon ‘concealed’(k) 2nd λ τ Sgr Jun 10, 03:26 occ. same (h)
405 Sep 17[/18] Moon ‘trespasses against’ 1st ϕ ζ Sgr Sep 17, 17:10 57’ Sep 17, 19:20 74’
406 Jul 27[/28] Mars ‘trespasses against’ 5th τ λ Sgr Sep 18, 22:26 19’ Sep 18, 21:25 19’ (i)
408 Jun 23[/24] Moon ‘concealed’(k) 2nd λ τ Sgr Jun 23, 20:17 34’ same (j)
410 May 6[/7] Moon ‘concealed’(k) 5th τ λ Sgr May 7, 04:41 occ. same (h)
410 Jun 30[/J1] Moon ‘concealed’(k) 5th τ λ Sgr Jun 30, 23:48 17’ same
410 Sep 20[/21] Moon ‘trespasses against’ 5th τ λ Sgr Sep 20, 17:58 occ. Sep 20, 19:20 36’

Notes.

(a)

For 19 lunar and planetary conjunctions and occultations (occ.) with Nandou stars (1st, 2nd, ...) recorded in the Jin shu for the Jin dynasty (AD 265-420), cited after the English translation with commentary by Ho (1966), the star identification (ID) within Nandou (in Sgr) as given therein (following modern counting of star numbers) is listed, then the stellar identification of the historical observation for the closest conjunction as determined with Stellarium version 0.18.1 and confirmed with JPL ephemeries (using ΔT from Morrison & Stephenson 2004); dates and times given in Local Time (LT) for the Jin dynasty capital Jiankang, now Nanjing, China, 7:55h east of UT (Chinese records give the date of the evening for the whole night). Always, the closest conjunction with a Nandou star in the recorded night is considered, or otherwise the closest conjunction with a Nandou star within a few nights (Sep. for separation). In sum, this study of the reported conjunctions yields a fully consistent numbering of the Nandou stars, which can therefore be accepted as historical counting: 1st – ζ, 2nd – τ, 3rd – σ, 4th – ϕ, 5th – λ Sgr. However, the identifications in Ho (1966) never follow the observations.

(b)

The following conditions are employed: The observed conjunctions have to be at least 5° above horizon at darkness, i.e. when the Sun is at least 18° below horizon. If the closest conjunction is at day-time or below horizon, we list the next closest that fulfills the conditions for observability.

(c)

For completeness, there was also an occultation of σ Sgr on June 10 at 4:23h shortly after moon-set.

(d)

Closest conjunction was less than one hour after Venus had set; a close conjunction as reported was visible the hours before.

(e)

On that day, it was the Moon, not Venus, trespassing against τ Sgr.

(f)

Also a close conjunction with τ Sgr on Apr 11 visible at darkness above horizon at 4:22h with 77’ separation.

(g)

Here, the date in Jin shu is off by some 2.5 weeks.

(h)

On 404 June 9, the Sun was at −15°, on 410 May 6 at −6° altitude, both in the NE during the closest lunar conjunction in the SW.

(i)

Here, two observations seem to have been mistakenly merged into one: On the given date, Jul 27, Mars was in conjunction with δ Sco, while a close conjunction of Mars with λ Sgr was on Sep 18 of the same year; no conjunction with τ Sgr that year.

(j)

During the close conjunction of τ Sgr on June 23 at 20:17h, the Sun was 13° below horizon in the W; during daytime at 11:42h (below horizon), there was an occultation of ϕ Sgr by the moon.

(k)

Of the seven conjunctions described with ‘concealed’ (AD 265-420), six were very close encounters (or even occultations) between Moon and a Nandou star, one was the closest planetary conjunction (Mars, 3′).

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