Comparison of star-forming activity between our sample and other representative galaxy samples. (a) CO J = 1-0 vs. SFR. The solid black line shows the SFMS with 1 σ scatter, and the dotted black line shows the starburst trend (Sargent et al. 2014). (b) Star formation efficiency ($\mathrm{SFE}\equiv \mathrm{SFR}/L_{\mathrm{CO}\mathrm{J}=1-0}\prime$) as a function of redshift. Various galaxy samples include the Bzk galaxies (Daddi et al. 2010), SMGs (Greve et al. 2005; Daddi et al. 2009b,a), luminous high-redshift quasars (Solomon & Vanden Bout 2005; Riechers et al. 2006), local PG quasars (Shangguan et al. 2018, 2020), local ULIRGs (Solomon et al. 1997), local spirals (Leroy et al. 2008, 2009; Wilson et al. 2009), and Quads lensed quasars from the literature (Barvainis et al. 1997, 2002; Ao et al. 2008; Bradford et al. 2009; Riechers 2011; Deane et al. 2013; Paraficz et al. 2018; Stacey et al. 2020, 2021, 2022; Frias Castillo et al. 2024).