Comparison between the dust layer removal model results and the surface active fraction map in Kramer et al. (2019). Top panel: spatial distribution (left) and latitudinal profile (right) of the water production ratio between the dust layer removal model (Q_B) and the reference Model A (Q_B), normalized by its global mean and integrated over ± 300 days around perihelion. The shaded blue area indicates the 1−σ variability within each latitude band. Bottom panel: surface active fraction relative to the average value (left) and its zonal mean profile (right), reproduced from Fig. 10 of Kramer et al. (2019).