Comparison between the simulated results of the dust layer removal model and the EAF curves from Attree et al. (2023). The solid and dashed gray lines are directly taken from Fig. 2 of Attree et al. (2023), representing the EAF evolution in southern and other regions, respectively. Solid red and blue lines indicate the total water production from active facets in the dust removal model (porosity ϕ=0.78 and 0.74, respectively), normalized by Model A. Dashed lines show the corresponding ratios for inactive facets. In all cases, the dust particle radius was set to 0.1 mm, and the initial dust layer thickness was set to 4 cm.