Example of the tensile force acting on the cylindrical mesh as a function of simulated time for a tensile strength simulation of a pebble pile with φ = 0.55. As the force pulling on the sample linearly increases, the RBDR sample responds with an equal retracting force until its breaking point. The tensile strength is then determined as the maximum force F_{r, max}, which the sample can sustain before being torn apart, divided by its cross-sectional area. See Eq. (10).