Two-dimensional distributions of galaxy properties from three investigated samples. Upper panel: Scatter plot of the spectroscopic sample from D23 in the D_n4000 − log M_⋆ plane. Red triangles indicate galaxies with an IR counterpart, while gray circles mark galaxies with no IR detection. Histograms above and right of the scatter plot show the distribution of these parameters for the two infrared populations, using the same color coding. Lower panel: Distribution of galaxies from the spectroscopic sample of D23, plotted in comparison to the MS galaxies shown in the left panel. Red points represent galaxies with an IR counterpart, while gray points represent galaxies without an IR counterpart. The sample is compared with an MS model by Popesso et al. (2023) (black solid line), while the dashed black line indicates a 0.3 dex scatter around the MS.