Mass determination of the three long-period Neptune- and sub-Neptune-sized planets transiting TOI-282

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Table 2

Parameters of the TOI-282 planetary system.


Parameter	TOI-282 b	TOI-282 c	TOI-282 d
Orbital period P ^‡ (d)	${22.891054}_{- 0.000090}^{+ 0.000085}$ $\[22.891054_{-0.000090}^{+0.000085}\]$	${55.99712}_{- 0.00037}^{+ 0.00034}$ $\[55.99712_{-0.00037}^{+0.00034}\]$	${84.2899}_{- 0.0015}^{+ 0.0018}$ $\[84.2899_{-0.0015}^{+0.0018}\]$
Mid-time of reference transit T₀ ^‡ (BJD_TBD − 2 450 000)	${8344.8150}_{- 0.0036}^{+ 0.0039}$ $\[8344.8150_{-0.0036}^{+0.0039}\]$	${8337.2807}_{- 0.0048}^{+ 0.0055}$ $\[8337.2807_{-0.0048}^{+0.0055}\]$	${8355.5685}_{- 0.0086}^{+ 0.0075}$ $\[8355.5685_{-0.0086}^{+0.0075}\]$
Transit depth dF (ppm)	$301_{- 41}^{+ 46}$ $\[301_{-41}^{+46}\]$	715 ± 17	407 ± 27
Impact parameter b	${0.927}_{- 0.019}^{+ 0.026}$ $\[0.927_{-0.019}^{+0.026}\]$	${0.31}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.09}$ $\[0.31_{-0.12}^{+0.09}\]$	${0.25}_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.13}$ $\[0.25_{-0.15}^{+0.13}\]$
Orbital inclination i (°)	${87.94}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.09}$ $\[87.94_{-0.10}^{+0.09}\]$	${89.61}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.15}$ $\[89.61_{-0.12}^{+0.15}\]$	${89.77}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.15}$ $\[89.77_{-0.13}^{+0.15}\]$
Scaled semi-major axis a/R_⋆	${25.71}_{- 0.89}^{+ 0.81}$ $\[25.71_{-0.89}^{+0.81}\]$	46.7 ± 1.6	${61.3}_{- 2.1}^{+ 1.9}$ $\[61.3_{-2.1}^{+1.9}\]$
Transit duration T₁₄ (hours)	${2.69}_{- 0.29}^{+ 0.34}$ $\[2.69_{-0.29}^{+0.34}\]$	8.957 ± 0.065	${10.32}_{- 0.23}^{+ 0.26}$ $\[10.32_{-0.23}^{+0.26}\]$
Radial velocity semi-amplitude K (m s⁻¹)	1.22 ± 0.31	1.35 ± 0.28	<1.24^†
Planetary radius R_p (R_⊕)	2.69 ± 0.23	${4.13}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.16}$ $\[4.13_{-0.14}^{+0.16}\]$	3.11 ± 0.15
Planetary MASS M_p (M_⊕)	6.2 ± 1.6*	9.2 ± 2.0*	${5.8}_{- 1.1}^{+ 0.9}$ $\[5.8_{-1.1}^{+0.9}\]$ **
Planetary density ρ_p (g cm⁻³)	${1.8}_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.7}$ $\[1.8_{-0.6}^{+0.7}\]$ *	0.7 ± 0.2*	${1.1}_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.3}$ $\[1.1_{-0.2}^{+0.3}\]$ **
Equilibrium temperature T_eq (K)	867 ± 16	643 ± 12	561 ± 11

Other parameters

LD coefficient u₁		0.2426 ± 0.0068
LD coefficient u₂		0.3081 ± 0.0043
RV Jitter HARPS (m s⁻¹)		${0.848}_{- 0.035}^{+ 0.055}$ $\[0.848_{-0.035}^{+0.055}\]$
RV Jitter ESPRESSO 1st set (m s⁻¹)		${1.411}_{- 0.048}^{+ 0.076}$ $\[1.411_{-0.048}^{+0.076}\]$
RV Jitter ESPRESSO 2nd set (m s⁻¹)		${0.43}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.15}$ $\[0.43_{-0.10}^{+0.15}\]$

Notes. ^‡ Derived assuming linear ephemerides. ^† Three σ upper limit. With K_d = ${0.28}_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.32}$ $\[0.28_{-0.20}^{+0.32}\]$ m s⁻¹, the Doppler reflex motion induced by TOI-282 d remains undetected in the RVs. * Derived from the RV+phot. joint modelling conducted with MCMCI. The dynamical analysis carried out with TRADES provides consistent results of M_b = ${6.7}_{- 0.8}^{+ 1.7}$ $\[6.7_{-0.8}^{+1.7}\]$ M_⊕ and M_c = ${10.0}_{- 2.0}^{+ 1.0}$ $\[10.0_{-2.0}^{+1.0}\]$ M_⊕ (Sect. 6). ** Derived from dynamical analysis using TRADES (Sect. 6).

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