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Fig. 4.

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Left panel: The limiting envelope, found by RoboPol (Angelakis et al. 2016), for a large sample of γ-ray-loud blazars between νpS and both the average fractional optical polarization and its dispersion. Right panel: The Πν trend observed in by IXPE for the HPS Mrk 501, Mrk 421, PKS2155-304, 1ES0229+200, and 1ES1959+650 collected from recent IXPE multiwavelength campaigns (Liodakis et al. 2022; Di Gesu et al. 2023; Kouch et al. 2024; Middei et al. 2023).

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