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Fig. 3.

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Limitations of applying calibrator-based phase solutions across widely separated sky regions. Left panel: Image of Virgo A obtained using calibration solutions from the calibrator beam, demonstrating excellent fidelity and a dynamic range exceeding 1250 (rms: 0.08 Jy/beam). Middle panel: Solar image obtained by applying calibration solutions derived from the calibrator source Virgo A. The image suffers from significant phase errors, resulting in distorted morphology and a limited dynamic range of ∼28 (rms: 4.0 Jy/beam). Right panel: Solar image produced by the SIMPL pipeline using a self-calibration-based approach, yielding a markedly improved dynamic range of ∼550 (rms: 0.5 Jy/beam). Contours at each panel are drawn at −1%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of their respective peaks, with the negative contour shown as dashed yellow lines. The red ellipse in the bottom-left corner of each panel indicates the restoring beam. The comparison underscores the necessity of direction-dependent calibration for accurate high-fidelity solar imaging.

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