Effect of the uncertainty in various parameters defining the toy model presented in Sect. 3. We use two reference models, one with a high cross section (lemon orange) and one with a low cross section (cyan). They are represented in Figs. 4–6 with the same color. These reference models are drawn with solid lines, whereas the shaded regions show the uncertainties in the stellar mass-to-halo mass relation. The dotted lines employ a different concentration-to-halo mass relation than the toy model. See the main text for further details.