Redshift evolution of the SM-FP parameters: slope coefficients, b (top) and c (middle), and zero-point variation, Δa = a_z − a_zi (bottom). The results of the HR5 samples are indicated by a red curve for the massive sub-sample and a blue curve for the full sample. The errors on a, b, c, Δ, and Δ/Δ_r were estimated using bootstrap resampling for the massive sub-sample, while for the broader sample that includes lower-mass galaxies, they were determined with the sub-sampling method. Observational constraints from Hou & Wang (2016) and Bernardi et al. (2020) are shown as magenta and yellow points, respectively.