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Fig. 2

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Temporal evolution of (a) apparent magnitude and (b) absolute magnitude of comet C/2025 D1 (Groeller), measured using a 3 × 104 km radius aperture. The upper axes in panels (a) and (b) mark time with respect to the perihelion passage and heliocentric distance, respectively. Data from different facilities are plotted with distinct symbols, with colours corresponding to the bands to which the photometric reduction was calibrated (see the legends). The dotted lines in panel (b) represent the best-fit linear models to derive the colour indices and activity trends of the comet.

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