Local time dependence of zonal anomalies near Aphrodite Terra (5°S-15°S) in the Venus PCM. Panel a : brightness temperature. Panel b: Richardson number and vertical propagation of stationary waves (arrows; −ρ₀a〈w〉′〈u〉′ cos φ). Panel c: zonal acceleration induced by stationary waves expressed as $-\frac{1}{{\rho }_{0}a\cos \varphi }\frac{\mathrm{\partial }}{\mathrm{\partial }z}({\rho }_{0}a⟨w{⟩}^{\prime }⟨u{⟩}^{\prime }\cos \varphi )$. In panels b and c, the curves indicate the local time mean Scorer parameter, static stability, and zonal acceleration, respectively, with the teal shading in (b) showing the local-time-dependent range (maximum and minimum) of the Scorer parameter. The vertical black line in panel (a) marks the reference longitude used in (b) and (c), while the horizontal black line in (b) and (c) indicates the reference altitude used in (a). Gray areas indicate regions without data.