Fig. 1.
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Known systems hosting three or more planets with masses (or minimum masses) between 14 ME and 13 MJ, mass uncertainties below 20%, and orbital period uncertainties below 2%. Open circles indicate planets detected via radial velocity monitoring, while filled circles correspond to transiting planets. The circle sizes are proportional to the logarithm of the planetary mass. Period ratios between adjacent planets are annotated in black or in light gray if Pi + 1/Pi > 3.5. Notably, the inner pair of TOI-7510 has a period ratio of 1.957, similar to the Uranus–Neptune ratio of 1.961. Lower-mass planets in these systems are excluded from the figure. Data were retrieved from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (Akeson et al. 2013).
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