Table 1
Comparison of trajectory, velocity solvers, and outlier removal approaches.
| Pipeline | Designed For | Trajectory Solver | Velocity Solver | Outlier Removal? | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FRIPON | Lowerresolution video, fireballs | Straight-line least squares (Borovička 1990) | Fits physically based singlebody differential equations that model meteor deceleration and ablation, rewritten into two independent equations by Jeanne et al. (2019) following the method of Turchak & Gritsevich (2014); Gritsevich (2009). | Yes | † |
| DFN | Higher-resolution photo, fireballs | Straight-line least squares (Borovička 1990) | Meteoroid initial states (Me and Ve) are estimated using an Extended Kalman Filter on straight line triangulated positions (measurements). This updates estimates of position, mass, and velocity throughout the trajectory, while modelling uncertainties. | No | ‡ |
| WMPL | Higher-resolution video, meteors | Monte Carlo trajectory solver: initial geometry via IP/LoS, followed by noise injection (based on measured angular residuals) and global minimisation of a timing cost function | A linear “lag” fit is performed on the early 25-80% of the meteor’s path (where deceleration is minimal). The best fit, that is, the fit with the smallest standard deviation, provides the initial velocity estimate. | Outlier weighting is applied on a per-measurement basis (with lower weights for observations with poor perspective) | § |
| AMOS | Lowerresolution video, meteors, spectroscopy | Intersecting planes and Straight-line least squares methods (Ceplecha 1987; Borovička 1990) | Exponential fit of decelerated meteors along the length of trajectory, otherwise linear fit. | Yes | ¶ |
Notes. “Higher-resolution” implies pixel scale ∼1 arcminute; “lower-resolution” implies pixel scale ∼10 arcminutes. † Jeanne et al. (2019), Jeanne (2020), Colas et al. (2020) ‡ Howie et al. (2017a), Sansom et al. (2015), Devillepoix et al. (2020) § Vida et al. (2018), Vida et al. (2020b) ¶ Duris et al. (2018), Tóth (in prep.).
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