Table 2
Nominal median measurements of the Geminid meteor shower.
| Activity | RA | σRA | Dec | σDec | ug | συg | a | q | e | Peri | Node | Inc | N | Ref | Obs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| annual | 112.9 | – | 32.3 | – | 34.6 | – | 1.38 | 0.141 | 0.898 | 324.2 | 261.6 | 23.5 | 51 | A | photo. |
| annual | 113.8 | – | 32.3 | – | 34.6 | – | 1.40 | 0.14 | 0.897 | 324.4 | 262.2 | 23.9 | 279 | B | photo. |
| 2002-2006 | 112.8 | – | 32.1 | – | 35.0 | – | 1.416 | 0.136 | 0.904 | 324.6 | 261.3 | 24.0 | 4384 | C | radar |
| 2007-2008 | 112.8 | – | 32.3 | – | 33.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2510 | D | video |
| 2002-2008 | 112.5 | – | 32.1 | – | 34.5 | – | 1.35 | 0.1373 | 0.898 | 324.95 | 261.0 | 23.2 | 10 381 | E | radar |
| 2010-2013 | 113.5 | – | 32.3 | – | 33.8 | – | 1.31 | 0.145 | 0.889 | 324.3 | 261.7 | 22.9 | 5103 | F | video |
| 2016-2023 | 113.6 | 0.73 | 32.3 | 0.44 | 34.0 | 0.41 | 1.32 | 0.144 | 0.891 | 324.3 | 262.3 | 23.2 | 584 | FRIPON | video |
| 2016-2023 | 113.9 | 0.74 | 32.3 | 0.48 | 33.6 | 0.60 | 1.29 | 0.147 | 0.886 | 324.2 | 262.3 | 22.6 | 584 | DFN | video |
| 2016-2023 | 113.9 | 0.75 | 32.3 | 0.51 | 33.8 | 0.56 | 1.30 | 0.145 | 0.888 | 324.3 | 262.3 | 22.9 | 584 | AMOS | video |
| 2016-2023 | 113.9 | 0.75 | 32.3 | 0.42 | 33.8 | 0.47 | 1.30 | 0.145 | 0.888 | 324.3 | 262.3 | 22.8 | 584 | WMPL | video |
Notes. Comparison of values from previous studies and the 2016-2023 FRIPON observations processed through four separate data-reduction pipelines. The radiant and orbital information is provided using the same nomenclature as the IAU-MDC, and the units are given in au, degrees, and km s−1. The letter next to the reference indicates the radiant in Fig. 3. The last four rows are based on the same 584 Geminid fireballs as observed by the FRIPON network, where the σ values represent the estimated standard deviation for the distribution of Geminids and not the uncertainty of an individual measurement. A (Jopek et al. 2003) (Harvard meteors) B (Jopek et al. 2003) (MORP, Dutch Meteor Society, Harvard) C (Brown et al. 2008) D (SonotaCo 2009) E (Brown et al. 2010b) F (Jenniskens et al. 2016).
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