Observed SFRF compared with predictions from simulations and SAMs. The yellow region represents the observed data used for the fit. The black curve indicates the best fit. The dashed purple line represents the SFRF from the EAGLE simulation, the dashed pink curve shows the result from the SIMBA simulation, and the magenta line corresponds to IllustrisTNG (Katsianis et al. 2017a, 2021a). The lime-green and green dotted curves show the predictions from the GAEA SAM by Hirschmann et al. (2016) and Fontanot et al. (2020), respectively. Finally, the dotted cyan curves show the predictions by Parente et al. (2023).