Probing neutral outflows in z ∼ 2 galaxies using JWST observations of Ca II H and K absorption lines

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Volume 705 (January 2026)

A&A, 705 (2026) A125

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Table 1.

Sample properties from Prospector fit and emcee inference.

IDs	z	log(M_*/M_⊙)	sSFR	log(N_{Ca II})	log(N_{Na I})	σ_Ca II	σ_Na I	ΔV_Ca II	ΔV_Na I	C_f

			Gyr⁻¹			km/s	km/s	km/s	km/s
8002	2.7	10.7	2.4	13.7 $_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.8}$ $^{+0.8}_{-0.4}$	13.9 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$	359 $_{- 101}^{+ 80}$ $^{+80}_{-101}$	219 $_{- 79}^{+ 75}$ $^{+75}_{-79}$	−180 $_{- 158}^{+ 164}$ $^{+164}_{-158}$	−451 $_{- 36}^{+ 57}$ $^{+57}_{-36}$	0.4 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.4}$ $^{+0.4}_{-0.2}$
18668	2.1	11.2	0.004	14.4 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$	14.1 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$	< 137 ^a	348 $_{- 88}^{+ 65}$ $^{+65}_{-88}$	−69 $_{- 50}^{+ 43}$ $^{+43}_{-50}$	−393 $_{- 83}^{+ 175}$ $^{+175}_{-83}$	0.6 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$
11142	2.4	11.1	0.02	13.6 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$	13.8 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	92 $_{- 24}^{+ 28}$ $^{+28}_{-24}$	87 $_{- 25}^{+ 28}$ $^{+28}_{-25}$	−125 $_{- 26}^{+ 26}$ $^{+26}_{-26}$	−222 $_{- 26}^{+ 26}$ $^{+26}_{-26}$	0.7 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$
16874	2.1	10.6	0.6	14.0 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.5}$ $^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$	13.3 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$	115 $_{- 55}^{+ 107}$ $^{+107}_{-55}$	182 $_{- 66}^{+ 109}$ $^{+109}_{-66}$	−126 $_{- 70}^{+ 70}$ $^{+70}_{-70}$	−141 $_{- 91}^{+ 110}$ $^{+110}_{-91}$	0.5 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$
9395	2.1	10.9	0.002	13.6 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.5}$ $^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$	12.9 $_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$	247 $_{- 83}^{+ 97}$ $^{+97}_{-83}$	350 $_{- 141}^{+ 97}$ $^{+97}_{-141}$	102 $_{- 101}^{+ 89}$ $^{+89}_{-101}$	−62 $_{- 230}^{+ 203}$ $^{+203}_{-230}$	0.5 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$
18071	2.8	10.7	1.8	13.7 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.4}$ $^{+0.4}_{-0.2}$	13.1 $_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.2}$ $^{+0.2}_{-0.5}$	194 $_{- 53}^{+ 74}$ $^{+74}_{-53}$	285 $_{- 127}^{+ 123}$ $^{+123}_{-127}$	−122 $_{- 62}^{+ 59}$ $^{+59}_{-62}$	−234 $_{- 171}^{+ 229}$ $^{+229}_{-171}$	0.6 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$
16419	1.9	11.7	0.006	13.6 $_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.6}$ $^{+0.6}_{-0.5}$	13.3 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	62 $_{- 49}^{+ 121}$ $^{+121}_{-49}$	406 $_{- 84}^{+ 57}$ $^{+57}_{-84}$	−14 $_{- 91}^{+ 87}$ $^{+87}_{-91}$	−35 $_{- 127}^{+ 108}$ $^{+108}_{-127}$	0.5 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$
10245	1.8	10.8	2.3	14.0 $_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.5}$ $^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$	13.5 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	291 $_{- 101}^{+ 116}$ $^{+116}_{-101}$	113 $_{- 40}^{+ 87}$ $^{+87}_{-40}$	−19 $_{- 88}^{+ 93}$ $^{+93}_{-88}$	−102 $_{- 66}^{+ 63}$ $^{+63}_{-66}$	0.5 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$
19572	1.9	11.1	0.2	14.2 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.4}$ $^{+0.4}_{-0.2}$	13.8 $_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$	317 $_{- 99}^{+ 97}$ $^{+97}_{-99}$	86 $_{- 22}^{+ 33}$ $^{+33}_{-22}$	39 $_{- 87}^{+ 72}$ $^{+72}_{-87}$	104 $_{- 21}^{+ 21}$ $^{+21}_{-21}$	0.6 $_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.3}$ $^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$

Notes.

^(a)

The values of z, log(M_*/M_⊙) and sSFR are from the Prospector fit to the observed photometry and spectroscopy. The measures of log(N_{Ca II}), log(N_{Na I}), ΔV_{Ca II}, ΔV_{Na I}, C_f are from fitting our model of neutral and ionized gas to the normalized spectrum. Column density, velocity dispersion, and velocity shift are given separately for the fits to the Ca II and Na I doublets. The covering fraction C_f is from the Ca II fit, and is adopted as a fixed value in the Na I fit. σ_{Ca II} and σ_{Na I} are the observed velocity dispersions corrected for the nominal spectral resolution, which is likely an underestimate because it assumes uniform slit illumination (de Graaff et al. 2024). The observed velocity dispersion is smaller than the nominal one, so we adopted the observed value as an upper limit.

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