Clustering results for fluctuations in the Pc4 range (1–2.5 min periods). Panel (a) shows an elbow plot, in which within-cluster error is displayed as a function of cluster number. Panel (b) displays the agglomerative clustering dendrogram, in which Euclidean distance indicates the similarity between clusters. We selected three main clusters. Panel (c) is a parallel plot of the clustering results. Within each of the three clusters, the median of each variable is calculated and plotted on a normalized scale (the displayed values are not the actual values), along with a statistical error margin defined by the standard error. Each colored line represents a cluster and displays the defining characteristics of each cluster. Panel (d) shows the non-normalized values plotted in the parallel plot, with the cluster with highest median coherence highlighted in red. Here, r represents the cross-correlation, σv_x represents the median standard deviation of the plasma velocity in the x-direction, σN_p represents the median s.d. of the proton density, σFP is the median s.d. of the flow pressure, and Sep. represents the median satellite separation for each cluster.