Galaxy-integrated dust-to-stellar mass ratio vs. the cloud-scale star formation efficiency. The solid blue curve corresponds to log ξ_d, 0 = −2.669, and the dashed blue curve corresponds to a reduction by a factor of two in ξ_d, 0, consistent with either reduced supernova dust mass production or reduced dust survival. The horizontal solid line marks log⟨ξ_d⟩_gal = −4. The dotted horizontal lines annotate log⟨ξ_d⟩_gal for a subset of spectroscopically confirmed blue monsters as inferred by Ferrara et al. (2025).