Distribution of substructures detected with the intrinsic method (see Sect. 3.3)by area, for three redshift bins: 1 < z < 2 (continuous line), 2 ≤ z < 3 (dotted line), and 3 ≤ z < 4 (dashed line). Vertical lines represent the 99% quantile for each distribution. Background colors indicate the area bins used in the analysis: clumps (blue, 1.3 < S/kpc² < 4), moderately large substructures (orange, 4 < S/kpc² < 13), and extended ones (pink, 13 < S/kpc² < 40).