Rapid, out-of-equilibrium metal enrichment indicated by a flat mass-metallicity relation at z ∼ 6 from NIRCam grism spectroscopy

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Volume 706 (February 2026)

A&A, 706 (2026) A165

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Table 1.

Metallicity and SFR measurements in bins of stellar mass for the Hγ sample with 6.3 < z < 7.

Mass Bin	No. of Galaxies	log(M_★/M_⊙) a	12+log(O/H) b	log₁₀(SFR / M_⊙ yr⁻¹) c
6.89 ≤ log(M_★/M_⊙) < 8.2	113	$7 . 77_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.32}$ $7.77^{+0.32}_{-0.46}$	$7 . 69_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.17}$ $7.69^{+0.17}_{-0.13}$	0.48 ± 0.12
8.2 < log(M_★/M_⊙) < 9.2	96	$8 . 60_{- 0.28}^{+ 0.24}$ $8.60^{+0.24}_{-0.28}$	$7 . 72_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.18}$ $7.72^{+0.18}_{-0.14}$	0.59 ± 0.06
9.2 < log(M_★/M_⊙)≤10.54	33	$9 . 61_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.23}$ $9.61^{+0.23}_{-0.24}$	$7 . 94_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.14}$ $7.94^{+0.14}_{-0.12}$	1.09 ± 0.07

Notes. ^(a)The stellar masses are median values within each bin, with the upper and lower errors representing the 84th and 16th percentiles, respectively. ^(b) The 12+log(O/H) measurements are based on the direct temperature method. ^(c) Obtained from dust-corrected Hβ luminosities using Table 2 from Theios et al. (2019), which considers case B recombination, BPASSv2.2 100 M_⊙, Z_* = 0.004, a constant SFH, and a minimum allowed age of 50 Myr.

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