NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period

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Volume 706 (February 2026)

A&A, 706 (2026) A278

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Table 2

Main planetary parameters of the GJ 3090 system.

Parameter	GJ 3090 b		12.7 d Candidate		GJ 3090 c
	A22	This work	A22	This work
Period, P (d)	2.85310195 ± 8.0 × 10⁻⁷	2.85310198 ± 8.2 × 10⁻⁷	$12 . 729_{- 0.031}^{+ 0.025}$ $12.729_{-0.031}^{+0.025}$	$12 . 714_{- 0.076}^{+ 0.010}$ $12.714_{-0.076}^{+0.010}$	15.9407 ± 0.0058
t_c (BJD-2457000)	1370.41849 ± 0.00034	1356.15322 ± 0.00023	$1370 . 96_{- 0.9}^{+ 1.2}$ $1370.96_{-0.9}^{+1.2}$	$1360 . 3_{- 1.3}^{+ 1.2}$ $1360.3_{-1.3}^{+1.2}$	1350.83 ± 0.61
Semi-major axis, a(au)	0.03165 ± 0.00027	0.0316 ± 0.0003	0.08575 ± 0.00074	0.0857 ± 0.0007	0.0997 ± 0.0008
Impact parameter, b^b	$0 . 631_{- 0.26}^{+ 0.093}$ $0.631_{-0.26}^{+0.093}$	0.70 ± 0.05	$19_{- 13}^{+ 10}$ $19_{-13}^{+10}$	1.91 ± 0.12	2.22 ± 0.14
Mass, M_p(M_⊕)^a	3.34 ± 0.72	4.52 ± 0.47	$17 . 1_{- 3.2}^{+ 8.9}$ $17.1_{-3.2}^{+8.9}$	4.15 ± 1.04	10.0 ± 1.3
Radius, R_p(R_⊕)	2.13 ± 0.11	2.18 ± 0.06	−	−	−
Density, ρ(g cm⁻³)	$1 . 89_{- 0.45}^{+ 0.52}$ $1.89_{-0.45}^{+0.52}$	$2 . 40_{- 0.30}^{+ 0.33}$ $2.40_{-0.30}^{+0.33}$	−	−	−
Insolation, S(S_⊕)	−	45.4 ± 3.3	−	6.19 ± 0.45	4.58 ± 0.33
T_{eq, A_B=0} (K)	693 ± 18	723 ± 13	421 ± 11	439 ± 8	407.2 ± 7.4
Eccentricity, e	0.15 ± 0.11	<0.25^c	0.16 ± 0.11	0 (fixed)	0 (fixed)

Notes. ^a The masses of GJ 3090 c and the 12.7-day candidate are minimum masses (M sin i) due to the unknown inclination. ^b We assume coplanar orbits for the non-transiting planets. ^c 95% upper limit from model with planetary configuration K_b, C_c, C_d. This model is disfavoured by the evidence by Δ ln Z=−6.8 compared to model b4.

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