NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period

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Volume 706 (February 2026)

A&A, 706 (2026) A278

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Table A.3

Priors and posteriors of the best-fit RV model (b4)

Parameter	Description	Prior	Posterior	Units
Keplerian Parameters
GJ 3090 b
P	Orbital period	𝒩(2.85310198 ± 8.2 × 10⁻⁷)	2.85310195 ± 8.0 × 10⁻⁷	days
K	RV semi-amplitude	𝒰(0.0,10.0)	3.15 ± 0.32	m/s
t₀	Time of conjunction	𝒩(1356.153115 ± 0.00027)	1356.15322 ± 0.00023	BJD-2457000
e	Eccentricity	−	0 (fixed)	−
ω	argument of periastron	−	90 (fixed)	deg
GJ 3090 c
P	Orbital period	𝒰(14.0,20.0)	15.9407 ± 0.0058	days
K	RV semi-amplitude	𝒰(0.0,10.0)	3.95 ± 0.51	m/s
t₀	Time of conjunction	𝒰(1340.0,1360.0)	1350.83 ± 0.61	BJD-2457000
e	Eccentricity	−	0 (fixed)	−
ω	argument of periastron	−	90 (fixed)	deg
12.7d Candidate
P	Orbital period	𝒰(10.0,14.0)	$12 . 7138_{- 0.0760}^{+ 0.0100}$ $12.7138_{-0.0760}^{+0.0100}$	days
K	RV semi-amplitude	𝒰(0.0,10.0)	1.76 ± 0.44	m/s
t₀	Time of conjunction	𝒰(1353.0,1367.0)	$1360 . 3_{- 1.3}^{+ 1.2}$ $1360.3_{-1.3}^{+1.2}$	BJD-2457000
e	Eccentricity	−	0 (fixed)	−
ω	argument of periastron	−	90 (fixed)	deg
Gaussian Process Parameters
P_rot	Stellar rotation period	𝒰(14,22)	17.95 ± 0.15	days
ρ	Evolution timescale	ℒ(9,360)	$126_{- 32}^{+ 41}$ $126_{-32}^{+41}$	days
η	Periodicity scale	ℒ(0.1,10)	0.547 ± 0.083	−
α₀	GP amp. (HARPS)	𝒰(−50, 50)	$- 1 . 54_{- 0.74}^{+ 0.67}$ $-1.54_{-0.74}^{+0.67}$	m/s
β₀	GP’ amp. (HARPS)	𝒰(−50, 50)	$- 17 . 0_{- 3.4}^{+ 2.8}$ $-17.0_{-3.4}^{+2.8}$	m/s
α₁	GP amp. (NIRPS)	𝒰(−50, 50)	$- 1 . 9_{- 1.2}^{+ 1.3}$ $-1.9_{-1.2}^{+1.3}$	m/s
β₁	GP’ amp. (NIRPS)	𝒰(−50, 50)	$- 15 . 8_{- 4.1}^{+ 3.6}$ $-15.8_{-4.1}^{+3.6}$	m/s
α₂	GP amp. (ΔT)	ℒ(10⁻⁷, 5)	$2 . 15_{- 0.30}^{+ 0.37}$ $2.15_{-0.30}^{+0.37}$	K
α₃	GP amp. (TESS)	ℒ(10⁻⁷, 0.01)	0.00444 ± 0.00076	Norm. flux
Magnetic Cycle Parameters
P_cyc	Cycle period	𝒩(3370,700)	$3285_{- 526}^{+ 637}$ $3285_{-526}^{+637}$	days
$τ_{H}^{c y c}$ $\tau_{H}^{cyc}$	Cycle t₀ (HARPS)	𝒰(−1144, 3856)	$1256_{- 278}^{+ 190}$ $1256_{-278}^{+190}$	BJD-2457000
$K_{H}^{c y c}$ $K_{H}^{cyc}$	Cycle amp. (HARPS)	ℒ(10⁻⁷, 20)	$4 . 14_{- 0.90}^{+ 1.07}$ $4.14_{-0.90}^{+1.07}$	m/s
$τ_{N}^{c y c}$ $\tau_{N}^{cyc}$	Cycle t₀ (NIRPS)	𝒰(−1144, 3856)	$730_{- 1256}^{+ 1753}$ $730_{-1256}^{+1753}$	BJD-2457000
$K_{N}^{c y c}$ $K_{N}^{cyc}$	Cycle amp. (NIRPS)	ℒ(10⁻⁷, 20)	$0 . 000060_{- 0.000060}^{+ 0.059583}$ $0.000060_{-0.000060}^{+0.059583}$	m/s
$τ_{Δ T}^{c y c}$ $\tau_{\Delta T}^{cyc}$	Cycle t₀(ΔT)	𝒰(−1144, 3856)	$1151_{- 1520}^{+ 1630}$ $1151_{-1520}^{+1630}$	BJD-2457000
$K_{Δ T}^{c y c}$ $K_{\Delta T}^{cyc}$	Cycle amp. (ΔT)	ℒ(10⁻⁷, 5)	$0 . 000075_{- 0.000075}^{+ 0.052736}$ $0.000075_{-0.000075}^{+0.052736}$	K
Instrument Offsets and Jitters
γ_HAM	HARPS-HAM offset	𝒩(17233.64,7.74)	17233.59 ± 0.89	m/s
γ_EGGS	HARPS-EGGS offset	𝒩(17187.33,6.36)	17189.1 ± 1.4	m/s
γ_NIRPS	NIRPS offset	𝒩(17181.78,5.38)	$17179 . 93_{- 0.91}^{+ 0.73}$ $17179.93_{-0.91}^{+0.73}$	m/s
$γ_{Δ T}$ $\gamma_{\Delta T}$	ΔT offset	𝒩(−0.06, 1.72)	0.04 ± 0.58	K
γ_TESS	TESS offset	𝒩(1.00003,0.0041)	1.0001 ± 0.0014	Norm. flux
σ_jit,HAM	HARPS-HAM jitter	ℒ(10⁻⁵, 77.41)	2.97 ± 0.47	m/s
σ_jit,EGGS	HARPS-EGGS jitter	ℒ(10⁻⁵, 63.56)	$4 . 71_{- 0.68}^{+ 0.78}$ $4.71_{-0.68}^{+0.78}$	m/s
σ_{jit, NIRPS}	NIRPS jitter	ℒ(10⁻⁵, 53.80)	$0 . 0052_{- 0.0052}^{+ 0.9705}$ $0.0052_{-0.0052}^{+0.9705}$	m/s
σ_{jit, ΔT}	ΔT jitter	ℒ(10⁻⁵, 17.16)	0.0021 ± 0.0254	K
σ_{jit, TESS}	TESS jitter	ℒ(10⁻⁵, 0.0409)	0.0000215 ± 0.0000160	Norm. flux

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