Primordial heavy-element mass fraction (top left), specific entropy (top right), specific potential entropy (bottom left), and temperature (bottom right) as a function of mass for 4,250 randomly generated Jupiter models. The color scale indicates the quality of the fit to Jupiter’s present-day structure. The solid black lines represent our best-fit model that fulfills Eq. (1). The dotted black line represents the best-fit model without applying the BA2025 constraint.