Time evolution of normalized moment of inertia vs. radius for the sample of randomly generated Jupiter models. The line colors are the same as in Fig. 1. The colored regions indicate the primordial constraint of Eq. (1), where the labels indicate the resonance of Io with Amalthea (A) or Thebe (T), respectively. The black triangles mark Jupiter’s present-day radius and NMoI as estimated by Helled et al. (2011) and Ni (2018), respectively. The black square corresponds to the initial model from Sur et al. (2025b).