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Fig. 5.

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Comparison between GS-z5-Q1, COS-z5-Q1, and three sources from the literature. These are a low-mass ‘mini-quenched’ galaxy from Looser et al. (2024), a massive quiescent galaxy at z = 4.9 from de Graaff et al. (2025b) and the current highest-redshift massive quiescent galaxy spectrum from Weibel et al. (2025). The spectra have been rebinned and renormalised to deal better with noise and improve clarity. It shows that GS-z5-Q1 and COS-z5-Q1 are consistent with the spectral shapes of the Weibel et al. (2025) and de Graaff et al. (2025b) spectra, but are completely different to the classic Looser et al. (2024) ‘mini-quenched’ galaxy spectrum. GS-z5-Q1 and COS-z5-Q1 have red UV slopes and more prominent Balmer breaks whereas the Looser et al. (2024) galaxy has a much steeper UV slope and significantly weaker Balmer break.

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