Comparison of permutation feature importance rankings for models using the three merger score definitions: past-merger (left), future-merger (middle), and full-merger (right) scores. Bars indicate the mean importance of each feature, with error bars representing the standard deviation over 10 independent permutations. The red dashed line marks the 0.01 threshold used for feature selection. Features are labeled F1–F17, ranked by importance within each model. Their definitions are as follows: F1: ΔR, F2: v₁, F3: v₂, F4: Δv, F5: σ_r, 1, F6: σ_r, 2, F7: σ_v, 1, F8: σ_v, 2, F9: f_n, F10: bic1, F11: bic2, F12: Δbic, F13: λ₂/λ₁, F14: z, F15: f_m, F16: σ_r, F17: σ_v.