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Fig. 1.

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Mean ratio of the rate of BH formation above a minimum mass, MBH, min, to the rate of CC SNe at z < 0.4. The black line shows this ratio as a function of MBH, min assuming the metallicity-dependence cosmic star-formation history (CSFH) of Langer & Norman (2006). The red and blue lines, bounding the grey shaded region, are the result of adopting a CSFH shifted up/down by 0.2 dex in 12+log(O/H), respectively. The horizontal dashed line is the estimated LFBOT volumetric rate (Ho et al. 2023b). We therefore find that the predicted formation rate of BHs with masses greater than (38 5 + 3 $ ^{+3}_{-5} $) M is consistent with the LFBOT event rate.

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