Normalized time-averaged net torque for all the models we considered as a function of the initial dust-to-gas density ratio and Stokes number. From left to right, the mass of the satellite corresponds to M_s = 1.25 × 10⁻⁵ M_J, M_s = 2.53 × 10⁻⁵ M_J, and M_s = 7.82 × 10⁻⁵ M_J. Blue indicates a net positive torque (outward orbital migration). The normalization, Γ_gas⁰, corresponds to the net torque when ϵ = 0. From left to right, Γ_gas⁰ = −3.63Γ₀, Γ_gas⁰ = −3.33Γ₀, and Γ_gas⁰ = −2.83Γ₀, with Γ₀ = (M_s/M_J)²Σ₀ h⁻²r₀⁴Ω₀².