Effective bias of CO-emitters as function of redshift. The points have been slightly shifted in the x-axis for clarity. In the upper panel, stars represent the values fit from the CO auto-power without contamination, as described in Sect. 3.4. Gray triangles are obtained from the fit of interloper-contaminated cross-power spectra between CO LIM and galaxies. Pentagons show the values obtained via the analytic computation using Eq. (17) and the halo bias model of Tinker et al. (2010). Values are reported in Table. A.1. Lower panel shows the relative difference with the auto-power-based values of the bias.